NFIB’s January Jobs Report includes the launch of the new Small Business Employment Index, which measures the current state of the small business labor market. The new index integrates actual and planned changes in employment and employee compensation into a singular data point. A higher Index reflects an overall tighter labor market; a lower Index reflects an overall weaker labor market.

“With our small businesses already burdened by high property taxes and inflation, seeing the Index dip slightly in January underscores the fragility of the current market,” said NFIB Iowa State Director Logan Shine. “If lawmakers want to maintain Iowa’s healthy economy, they must prioritize tax reforms necessary to keep our small businesses competitive and capable of finding the skilled workers they need.”

“Main Street continues to search for qualified workers for open positions,” said Chief Economist Bill Dunkelberg. “Owners reported increased wages over the last three months, alongside plans to increase them in the next three months as well.”

The Employment Index fell nearly 1 point in January to 101.6, erasing about half of the large gain in December, which reached the highest level since March 2025. The Index remains above the historical average of 100, and just slightly above the 2025 average of 101.2.

In January, 31% (seasonally adjusted) of small business owners reported job openings they could not fill in January, down 2 points from December. Unfilled job openings remain above the historical average of 24%. Twenty-five percent have openings for skilled workers (down 3 points), and 10% have openings for unskilled labor (unchanged).

A seasonally adjusted net 16% of owners plan to create new jobs in the next three months, down 1 point from December.

Overall, 50% of owners reported hiring or trying to hire in January, down 3 points from December and the lowest reading since May 2020. Forty-four percent of owners (88% of those hiring or trying to hire) reported few or no qualified applicants for the positions they were trying to fill (down 4 points). Twenty-five percent reported few qualified applicants (unchanged), and 19% reported none (down 4 points).

In January, 16% of small business owners cited labor quality as their single most important problem, down 3 points from December. This is the third consecutive month that labor quality reported as the single most important problem, has declined.

Labor quality reported as the single most important problem was the highest in the construction, manufacturing, and professional services industries, and lowest in wholesale and finance. Thirty percent of small businesses in the construction industry reported labor quality as their single most important problem, 14 points higher than for all firms. Only 2% of businesses in the finance industry reported labor quality as their single most important problem. Labor costs reported as the single most important problem by small business owners, remained at 9%.

Seasonally adjusted, a net 32% of small business owners reported raising compensation in January, up 1 point from December. A net 22% (seasonally adjusted) plan to raise compensation in the next three months, down 2 points from December.

Click here to view the entire NFIB Jobs Report.